A Dual-Frequency Thermal Energy Harvesting Interface With Real-Time-Calculation ZCD

This article presents a dual-frequency (DF) dual-input-dual-output interface based on reconfigurable switching converter for thermoelectric energy harvesting. The DF operation decouples the rate of extraction at input stage from distribution output stage. automatically makes transitions among two energy-harvesting modes and one energy-recycling mode according to load condition. low-frequency harvesting together with high-frequency recycling allows maintain high efficiency across broad range load. A zero-current detection (ZCD) approach real-time calculation turns off power switches instantaneously accurately prevent synchronization loss. is fabricated 0.13- ?m CMOS process. From measurement results, voltage regulated in 30 500 mV aid maximum point tracking (MPPT) 1.2 V. peak 86% 250-mV voltage. Higher than 80% achieved 80-500 voltages. 94% consumption control circuits 0.6 ?W.